Improvement in combined bolt and nut machines



I Patented mm2, 1872.

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Patented .lan.2, 1872.

` are called agricultural bolts, such as seen in section as when arranged for making nuts.

' washers, asmay be required; and consists in to extend the bolt to the length desired. These as seen in Fig. 5. To open the clamping-dies PATENT JOHN VN. SMITH, 0F NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT'IN COMBINED Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 122,411,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN N. SMITH, of New Haven, in the county of New Haven and StateV of Connecticut, have invented a new Improvement in Combined Nut and Bolt Machine; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawing and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawing constitutes part of thisspecication and represents, in

Figure 1, a top view; Fig. 2, a side view; Fig. a longitudinal central section as set for making ordinary bolt-heads; Fig. 4, an end view of the holding-die as when clamping the blank 5 Fig. 5, the same raised to receive the blank; Fig. 6, a longitudinal central sect-ion of the machine as set and in operation for making what Fig'. 7 and in Fig. 8, a longitudinal central f This invention relates to an improvement in a machine for making nuts and bolts, the object being to adapt the same machine to the making of various kinds of nuts, bolts, and

the improvements, as more fully hereafter set forth in the claim. Y

A is the bed ofthe machine, upon which the operative mechanism is arranged; B, the driving-shaft, arranged in suitable bea-rings B', and to which power is applied in the usual manner for similar machines.

I will iirst describe the machine as adapted vfor making common bolts. These are formed upon short pieces ofrod, to which, after the head is formed, another piece of rod is welded pieces are iirst set between the two parts C Cl of a holdin g-die, and the said die is constructed as seen in Figs. l, 3, 4, and 5. The lower holder C1 is fitted into a head-block, D, and with a shoulder', d, upon its under side as a rest or support to withstand the pressure when the blank is upset. This part C1 is pivoted to the block at l)1 so as to be raisedl'rom its seat, as denoted in broken lines, Fig. 3. The other part C is pivoted in the 'part C1, as seen in Fig. 3, so as to opener swing up from the part C1. When the blank is to be inserted the die is raised, as denoted in broken lines, Fig. 3, and

BOLT AND NUT MACHINEQ. p

dated January 2, 1872;l antedated December 16,1871.

sition shown in Fig. 5, the arm C4 bears up against the holding device, raising it as seen In this position the blank is introin Fig. 5. duced, the depth of the die beingsufcient to receive the blank and leave the requisite quantity of metal to form the head projecting therefrom; then the lever is turned .back to allow the holding device to drop and to hold the holding device with its blank in position. A bar, C, is jointed to the lever C2, which, so soon as the holding device is dropped, passes over it and enters into or beneath a projection,

C7, as seen in Fig. 4. The bar C6 in that position secures the holding device firmly in its place. reverse of this operation allows the removal of the formed bolt-blank and the introduction of the second. E is the die-holder or head, formed in a slide, E1, extending back and working longitudinally on the frame of the machine in suitable guides, as in Fig. l, and is caused to move longitudinally by eccentrics onthe sha-ft connected with the slide by the rod E2, as seen in Fig. 1, and in broken lines, Fig. 2. The revolution of the shaft causes the head E to advance and recede from the holding device in similar manner to other machines of this class. In guides through the slide E1 a second slide, F, is arranged also to move longitudinally by the action of cams F1, and within this a third slide, I, operated by a cam, I1, each of the slides having its own independent movement and relative to each other, as more fully hereafter described. In the head E a die, L, is arranged in a central position relatively to the blank-holder, and having a central space the size and shape of the sides of the bolt-head to be produced-that is to say, square for a square head, or hexagonal for a six-sided head. In the slide F a follower, F2, is secured, and passes through the head E into the die L. The said followeris moved freely in the die L by 'rrrcn After the head has been formed the the movement of slide F, adjusted longitudinally by a wedge or equivalent device, FS-that is, to cause the followcr to advance to a greater or less distance.

Standing in the position seen in Fig. 3, thel slides F El are drawn back to their fullest extent, the shaft revolving in the direction denoted by thearrow up to the point l. The die and follower move together. At that point the follower F2 strikes the end ofthe blank to commence the upsetting, the followermoving faster or equally as fast as thedie to the point 2, at which point the blank has been so far spread a-s to cause the metal to come in con-- tact with the sides of the die; then f'rom the point 2 to 3 both the die and follower continue to advance, but the die a little faster than the follower. This is done that the follower may, rubbing over the surface of the metal, work it forward for the purpose of filling or perfectly forming the lower angles of the head. From the point 3 to the extremel point 4 the follower moves slightly faster than the die, the eccentrics at that point passing` their dead center, which gives a final pressure to the head.

`This operation overcomes a difficulty which has existed in all machines for forming boltheads-that is to say, the filling of the lower angles of the head-and this difficulty occurs in consequence of upsetting the metal within a stationary die or one moving with the same velocity or slower than the follower. By this manner of operatin g the dies and follower the metal first upset is carried forward by the combined action of the die and follower by the die moving faster through a portion of' its operation than the follower. This movement is accomplished by constructing the cam which opera-tes the follower relatively to the cam or eccentric for operating the dies to produce this result.

This construction or operation is designed for bolts the heads of which have parallel sides; but in the class of bolts known as agricultural bolts-that is to say, the bolts in which the Aedge is made very thin, as in Fig. 7-a different operation is necessary; and forthis class of' bolts the third slide I is brought into use, as seen in Fi g. 6, the use of the. slideFin this class of bolts being dispensed with, and the follower F2 is removed. For the blank-holdin g devices I employ one similar to that above described, with this difference only, that the shape of the under side of the bolt-head is inclined, (see c 0,-) the holding-die is accordingly inclined or recessed on its f'ront vertical face, and the follower H is secured in the slide I, operated by the cam I1, the follower extending forward through the slide F into the die-Lin like manner as the follower F2, before described. This follower is adjusted longitudinally by means of a wedge, I3, or equivalent device, in like manner as before described for the follower F2. The head or die advances by the action of' its eccentrics up to the holding-dies, as before described, the blank passing into the die; then the follower advances by the action of the cam Il upsetting the metal and forming the thin head against the face of the holding-dies, as seen in Fig.

It will be observed that,'in consequence of the head being so thin, the upsetting cannot take place until the die L has passed into close proximity with the hol din g-die, the head being practically formed nearly or quite in the recess in the end of the die L; and as the upsetting must take place while the die L is in that position, it isnecessary that the follower should move more rapidly than the die in forming the head, as before described; hence the peculiar shape. of the cam l1, as in Fig. 6.

Oval-headed bolts or rivets with a thin edge are formed in the same manner; it being only necessary that the end of' the follower be made the shape of the surface of the head required, and the face of' the holding-dies shaped accordinv'l Tg make nuts with this machine the three slides are called into operation, as seen in Fig. S but the holding device C U1 is removed and a fixed holder, N, set into its place, holdin g a hollow stationary punch, P, the punch being externally ofl the shape of the nut to be produced. Into the die L a follower, I, extends, its forward end made concave to give the requisite crown7 to the nut; and from the slide I the punch P2 extends centrally through the follower P1 for piercing the nut. By the action of the cams, the construction of which is as before described, the head E advances onto the punch P, forward of' which the bar of metal, of' which the nut is to be formed, has been placed, and cuts the blank from the bar; the blank passing into the die is compressed by the crowner or follower Pl to give the required shape; then the piercing-punch 122 advances, pertorating the nut and carrying the perforation into the punch P, through which it passes out, as denoted in stippled section. The piercing-punch withdraws first, then the head E, and lastly the follower, leaving the finished nut to drop from the machine. The motion of the parts relatively to each other being pre cisely the same as before described, the surface of the nut is smoothed by the die L passing over it.

The adjustment of the punch, follower, and dies in their respective slides is made by any of the well-known clamping devices.

Thus I have produced a machine which, by simply changing the dies and punches, will produce nuts, washers, and bolts of various kinds required.

I am aware that machines are in use in which the inclosngwdie and punch or plunger are forced up at different times, the first to inclose and the second to upset; also, that in such inachines the punch has been forced up by a series of consecutive movements; that all these movements have been effected by cams operating upon the punch and the' inclosingdie. I do not, therefore, claim any of these; but

Vhat I do claim is- 1. The construction and arrangement relative to one another, herein described, of the die-head E, die L, Slide E1, the slider, the Wedge or equivalent device, slide I with adjusting-Wedges in the rear thereof, and the cams VF1 Fl and Il.

2. Iclaim, jointly with the subject-matter ofV h gether and to the head-block so as to be raised from their seat for insertion of the blank or removal of a iormacd blank, substantially as described.

the fourth clause of claim, I claim the lever C2, provided with the arm C4 and holding-bar (J, operating to raise or secure the holding device in the head-block, substantially as set forth.

l JOHN N. SMITH. l/Vtnesses:

A. J. TIBBITS, J. H. SHUMWAY.

5. In combination with the subject-matter of l 

